專升本英語(yǔ)備考不僅需要掌握大量詞匯,一些基本語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)也需要同學(xué)們掌握,下面是湖南專升本網(wǎng)整理的英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解,趕緊get 起來(lái)吧!
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1. 概念:表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或行為。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)主語(yǔ)+ was / were +表語(yǔ)
(2)主語(yǔ)+ 行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 +其他
否定形式:
(1)was / were + not;
(2)在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問(wèn)句:
(1)was或were放于句首;
(2)用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
3. 用法:
(1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
如:Where did you go just now?
(2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
注意:used to do sth“過(guò)去常常做某事”,表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。
如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 媽媽過(guò)去沒(méi)這么健忘。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time, these days等.
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ am / is /are + doing
否定形式:主語(yǔ)+ am / is / are + not + doing
一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
4. 用法:
(1)表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。
如:We are waiting for you.
(2)表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
如:Mr Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話時(shí)并不一定在寫小說(shuō))
(3)表示動(dòng)作的漸變,這樣的動(dòng)詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
如:The leaves are turning red.
It’s getting warmer and warmer.
(4)與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。
如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
(5)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)
下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。
如:I’m leaving tomorrow.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ was / were + doing
否定形式:主語(yǔ)+ was / were + not + doing
一般疑問(wèn)句:把was或were放于句首。
4. 用法:
(1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。
如:We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。
如:What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday? (介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
She was doing her homework then. (副詞表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room. (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
(3)在復(fù)合句中,如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的,那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
如:When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過(guò)程中)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1. 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)主語(yǔ)+ am / is / are / going to do sth;
(2)主語(yǔ)+ will do sth。
否定形式:
(1)主語(yǔ)+ am / is /are + not + going to do sth
(2)主語(yǔ)+ will not(won’t) do sth
一般疑問(wèn)句:
(1)am / is / are放于句首;
(2)will置于句首。
4. will主要用于以下三個(gè)方面:
(1)表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。
如:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
(2)表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來(lái)。
如:Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
(3)表示臨時(shí)決定,通常用于對(duì)話中。
— Mary has been ill for a week.
— Oh, I didn’t know. I will go and see her.
5. be going to主要用于以下兩個(gè)方面:
(1)表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。
如:Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。
(2)表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷,某事非常有可能發(fā)生,表示推測(cè)。
如:Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!烏云密集。天要下雨了。
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