專升本英語備考不僅需要掌握大量詞匯,一些基本語法時態(tài)也需要同學(xué)們掌握,下面是湖南專升本網(wǎng)整理的英語八大時態(tài)用法詳解,趕緊get 起來吧!
過去將來時
1. 概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
2. 時間狀語:the next day (morning, year), the following month (week)等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)主語+ was / were / going to do sth
(2)主語+ would do sth
否定形式:
(1)主語+ was / were / not + going to do sth
(2)主語+ would + not + do sth
一般疑問句:
(1)was或were放于句首;
(2)would 提到句首。
4. 用法:
(1)“would + 動詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。
如:He said he would come to see me. 他說他要來看我。
(2)“was / were + going to + 動詞原形”常表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。
如:She said she was going to start off at once.
I was told that he was going to return home.
此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來看,很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。
如:It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看來好像要下雨。
(3)come,go,leave,arrive,start等瞬時動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的含義。
如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
She told me she was coming to see me.
現(xiàn)在完成時
1. 概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。
2. 時間狀語:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ have / has + done +其他
否定形式:主語+ have / has + not +done +其他
一般疑問句:Have / Has +主語 + done +其他
4. since的三種用法:
(1) since +過去的一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。
如:I have been here since 1989.
(2) since +一段時間+ ago。
如:I have been here since five months ago.
(3)since +從句(一般過去時)。
如:Great changes have taken place since you left.
比較since和for
since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間的長度。
如:We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
注意:并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
過去完成時
1. 概念:以過去某個時間為參照,在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前已完成的動作,即“過去的過去”。
2. 時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month)等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ had done +其他
否定形式:主語+ hadn’t done +其他
一般疑問句:had置于句首。
4. 用法:
(1)用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句中。
如:She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
(2)在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先的動作用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后的動作用一般過去時。
如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
(3)表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用過去完成時表示“原本······,未能······”。
如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
注意: had hardly… when ... 剛······就······。
如:I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛······就······。
如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
一般現(xiàn)在時
1. 概念:表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)主語+ be動詞(is / am / are)+表語
(2)主語+ 行為動詞的原形或單數(shù)第三人稱形式+其他
否定形式:
(1)am / is /are + not;
(2)謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don’t,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn’t,同時行為動詞還原為原形。
3. 一般疑問句:
(1)把is / am / are動詞放于句首;
(2)用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時還原行為動詞。
4. 用法:
(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。
如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
(2)表示客觀真理,客觀存在或科學(xué)事實。
如:The earth moves around the sun.
(3)表示格言或警句。
如:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
如:Columbus proved that the earth is round.
(4)表示現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性等。
如:I don’t want so much.
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
(5)一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來含義
① come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
— When does the bus star?
— It stars in ten minutes.
② 在時間或條件狀語句中。
如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
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