專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去完成時(shí)

試題測(cè)試： 1.—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? —Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time. A. didn’t see 　　　　　 B. wouldn’t see C.hasn’t seen 　　　　　 D. hadn’t seen

答案D。 由于見(jiàn)朋友發(fā)生在過(guò)去(即昨天)，而很久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到朋友自然是昨天的見(jiàn)面之前，即屬于過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

2.—Tom came back home yesterday. —Really? Where ________ at all? A. had he been B. has he been C. had he gone D. has he gone

答案：A。 have been to…去過(guò)某地(已回來(lái))，have gone to…到某地去了(沒(méi)回來(lái));又因?yàn)閱?wèn)的是Tom回來(lái)之前到去過(guò)某地，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

語(yǔ)法講解： 1. 構(gòu)成： 助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 2. 用法： (1) 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如： Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. (“看”這一動(dòng)作在“告訴”這一動(dòng)作之前) (2) 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且到那時(shí)還未結(jié)束，仍有繼續(xù)下去的可能性。如： By 6 o’clock they had worked 12 hours.

3. 一些使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常見(jiàn)情況： 由by(在某時(shí)前，到某時(shí))構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí)，句子常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： By 9 o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. By the end of last year, Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 由by the time和when / before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前，此時(shí)主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had been on for 20 minutes. When we got there, the basketball game had already started. The train had left before Tina reached the station. 含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，此時(shí)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： Thomas said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前某個(gè)沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)出的過(guò)去時(shí)間，側(cè)重過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或造成的結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去的時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。如： We have learned 1,000 English words so far. We had learned 1,000 English words by then.

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